Many gourmands and food enthusiasts have heard of Wagyu, a name that commands respect in culinary circles worldwide. Known for its superior quality, exquisite marbling, and often carrying a premium price tag, Wagyu has undeniable prestige. 

However, only some realise the depth and diversity within this esteemed beef class. ‘Wagyu’ translates to ‘Japanese cow’, representing specific cattle breeds with pure bloodlines, raised under exceptional conditions and on specialised diets. Unbeknownst to many, there are four primary types of genuine Japanese Wagyu beef, each with unique characteristics and merits of that particular breed.

If you visit a Wagyu butcher in Melbourne, you’ll likely encounter some of these four primary types of Wagyu. Each of these breeds brings a distinct flavour profile and texture to the plate, reflecting the rich tradition of Japanese cattle rearing.

Japanese Black (Kuroge)

Making up around 90% of all fattened cattle in Japan, Japanese Black is the most common breed of Wagyu. Known for its intensive marbling, it delivers a rich buttery flavour profile. Raised on a strict diet and under pristine conditions, Kuroge is remarkably esteemed for its high-grade steaks. The melt-in-your-mouth sensation it provides is a testament to its exceptional intramuscular fat content.

Japanese Brown (Akage)

Also known as Red Wagyu, Japanese Brown is cherished for its lean meat and distinctive, robust taste. The marbling in Akage is less intense than in Kuroge, lending to a slightly firmer texture. This breed is lauded for its healthier fat composition, which is high in monounsaturated fats and oleic acid and is known to promote heart health.

Nihon Tankaku (Japanese Shorthorn)

Nihon Tankaku, or Japanese Shorthorn, carries a unique blend of umami and sweetness alongside a refreshing aftertaste. This breed’s meat is leaner than other Wagyu types but doesn’t fall short in delivering a delicate flavour and smooth texture. The distinct, slightly gamey taste of Nihon Tankaku sets it apart from its counterparts.

Japanese Polled (Mukaku)

The rarest among the four, Japanese Polled, presents a taste profile that combines a robust, meaty flavour with a tender texture. Due to their limited numbers, Japanese Polled Wagyu is a rare delicacy even in Japan, offering a unique and satisfying culinary experience.

Distinguished Wagyu Brands

Several renowned Wagyu brands, such as the legendary Kobe beef, are within these categories. Kobe is a Japanese Black breed raised under strict regulations in the Hyogo Prefecture. Its famed marbling, supreme tenderness, and distinctive taste have earned it a top-tier status among Wagyu varieties.

A World of Flavours in Wagyu

Wagyu is not just a name—it’s a world of rich, varied flavours, textures, and traditions. Each type of Wagyu carries its unique characteristics, reflecting the meticulous rearing practices and deep-rooted respect for the cattle. 

Knowing the differences enriches the dining experience, allowing you to appreciate the full spectrum of flavours that Wagyu has to offer. Whether the heavily marbled Kuroge, the robust Akage, the flavourful Nihon Tankaku, or the rare Mukaku, there’s a Wagyu to satisfy every palate. So, next time you visit a Wagyu butcher, you’ll be armed with the knowledge to choose the Wagyu that suits your taste best.